Disorders of sodium balance

This review is a pragmatic attempt to highlight recent research and some backround reading in disorders of sodium balance. It should not be considered exhaustive, simply a way of reviewing some of the major developments and current thinking in the area.

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General

• Lab Tests Online
• GP Notebook
• Merck Manual

Low Sodium

• Disorders of sodium balance. BMJ, 2006
• Management of Hyponatremia. American Family Physician, 2004
• Management of Hyponatraemia in Adults. CREST, 2003
• Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia in the Elderly. American Family Physician, 2000
• eMedicine
• eMedicine (emergency care)
• GP Notebook

Raised Sodium

• Disorders of sodium balance. BMJ, 2006
• Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia in the Elderly. American Family Physician, 2000
• eMedicine
• eMedicine (emergency care)
• Merck Manual
• GP Notebook

Clinical Questions

• If antidepressant-induced hyponatraemia has been diagnosed, how should the depression be treated? UK Medicines Information Q&A
• At what levels do potassium and sodium become dangerously high or low in health adults? ATTRACT, 2005
• Which type of antidepressants are linked to hyponatraemia? NLH Q&A Service, 2005
• What investigations are appropriate in patients with hyponatraemia and how should you interpret serum osmolality results in patients with hyponatraemia? NLH Q&A Service, 2005

Patient Information

• Hyponatremia. Medline Plus